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“Bhaskara II's Bijaganita (1150 CE) gives a complete cyclic algorithm (chakravala) for solving Nx² + 1 = y², the equation Europeans would later call "Pell's equation" after a 17th-c. misattribution. Applied to N=61, the algorithm yields x=226,153,980 and y=1,766,319,049 — the smallest positive-integer solution. Fermat proposed exactly this case to Frenicle and Wallis in 1657 as a challenge problem; Lagrange was the first European to find a general method in 1768, six centuries after Bhaskara. ”