The corpus, every claim citable.

Āryabhaṭīya IV (Gola) 5, 499 CE: half of the Earth, the planets, and the asterisms is dark — shadowed by the body itself — and the half turned toward the Sun is light. Applied to the Moon, this is the reflected-sunlight account of moonlight and of lunar phases. The insight has earlier independent precedents (Anaxagoras, c. 450 BCE, in Greece); Aryabhata's formulation embeds it in a quantitative astronomy curriculum used continuously in India for over a millennium.

The Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata · tr. W. E. Clark, 1930